An IoT-based infrastructure to enhance self-evacuations in natural hazardous events

Regardless of the extensive research conducted on large-scale evacuations, instrumentation these processes still represents an open issue for first response organizations. Self-evacuation civilians that follows evacuation plans has shown to be feasible as early several natural disasters; however, typical lack interaction capability evacuees with organizations and emergency managers jeopardizes effectiveness processes. This article proposes IoT-based infrastructure supports self-evacuation in mass processes, allowing people participate information providers consumers. is backbone ambient intelligence system used a bridge between evacuees, units, operation center managing process. Depending location status area, implements breadcrumbs guide shelters safe places. The proposed includes (1) architecture captures core design aspects solution makes it reusable other researchers, (2) implementation based Raspberry Pi 3 devices LoRa radio connectivity, (3) mobile application allows interact system, (4) simplified algorithm support deployment into urban area. was evaluated using real measurements simulations, obtained results are highly encouraging.